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Fluorescence filter – Fluorescence imaging filter


Fluorescence filters generally consist of a three-layer combination: an excitation filter, an emission filter, and a dichroic mirror.

Exciting Filter (Exciter Filter, Excitation Filter): In fluorescence microscopy, this filter allows only wavelengths that can excite fluorescence to pass through. Previously, short-wavelength-pass filters were used; nowadays, bandpass filters are predominantly employed. The filter housing is marked with an arrow indicating the recommended direction of light propagation.

Emitting Filter (Emission Filter, Barrier Filter, Emitter): This filter selects and transmits the fluorescence emitted by the sample while blocking other wavelengths of light. The emission wavelength is longer than the excitation wavelength (closer to the red end of the spectrum). Either a bandpass filter or a long-pass filter can be used as the emitting filter. The housing of the filter is marked with an arrow indicating the recommended direction of light propagation.

Dichroic Mirror (Dichroic Beamsplitter, Dichromatic Beamsplitter): Also known as a dichroic filter or color-splitting mirror. It is positioned at a 45° angle to the optical path of the microscope. This filter reflects one color of light (excitation light) and transmits another color of light (emission light). The reflectance of the excitation light exceeds 90%, and the transmittance of the emission light exceeds 90%. The portion of the spectrum that cannot pass through the filter is reflected rather than absorbed. Since the colors of the transmitted and reflected light are complementary to each other, this filter is also referred to as a dichroic filter.

Fluorescence filters, short for fluorescence imaging filters, are critical components used in biomedical and life science instruments. Their primary function is to separate and select the characteristic spectral bands of excitation light and emitted fluorescence in biomedical fluorescence detection and analysis systems. Typically, these filters are required to have an optical density (OD) cutoff depth of at least 5 (optical density, OD = -lgT). The core requirements for filters used in fluorescence detection systems include high cutoff steepness, high transmittance, high positioning accuracy, deep cutoff depth, and excellent environmental stability.